1. Research indicates that although higher rates of sexual abuse are found among court-involved females than court-involved males, rates of other types of abuse and trauma may not vary by gender.
A. True B. False2. Which of the following is an accurate statement about delinquent youth who are considered early and late starters?
A. Early starters exhibit behavioral difficulties early in development, with their antisocial behavior peaking in late childhood and persisting into adolescence B. Risk factors for early starters include exposure to domestic violence and/or abuse, poor school performance, and difficulty maintaining peer relationships C. Risk factors for late starters include inconsistent or harsh parenting and underlying neurological problems, such as attention difficulties D. Late starters do not exhibit behavioral difficulties until adolescence, and these problems may cease by young adulthood3. When categorizing youth according to their pattern of delinquency involvement at several ages, researchers have found that a greater proportion of youth of both genders became delinquent as they grew older, increasing delinquent activity most between ages:
A. 15 to 16 B. 14 to 15 C. 13 to 14 D. 12 to 134. One study that followed a large sample of girls from age 6 to age 12 found that girls whose disruptive behavior began in early childhood went on to have higher rates of conduct disorders in adolescence.
A. True B. False5. The Fast Track Project and the Denver Youth Survey examined the proportion of girls ages 7-17 who engaged in a particular delinquent behavior at some time during those years and found that, excluding alcohol use, running away and minor assaults had the highest prevalence.
A. True B. False6. In general, delinquent girls report committing an average of 15-20 offenses of any specific kind in a year, excluding alcohol and marijuana use, which tends to occur 2-3 times a week.
A. True B. False7. When examining the age of girls' first offending for different kinds of delinquency, researchers discovered that:
A. The largest proportion of girls whose first offense was a status offense (other than running away) began their offending between the ages of 15 and 16 B. Almost half of the girls began to engage in some form of delinquency in childhood C. The largest proportion of girls whose first offense was minor theft, minor assault, public disorder, property damage, or use of alcohol began these offenses between ages 10-13 D. All of the above8. During the late elementary school years, or grades 4 and 5, delinquent behavior among girls tend to be fairly undifferentiated, but by grades 6 and 7, three clusters of delinquency tend to emerge including a low/nonproblem group, a status and/or public disorder offense and alcohol use group, and a highly versatile group.
A. True B. False9. Research that has tracked patterns of delinquency over time shows that girls make a number of transitions as they age, but most girls trend toward less serious delinquency.
A. True B. False10. Overall, studies found that "careers" in serious offending were relatively short lived, and the majority of serious offenders returned to a "home base" of status/public disorder offending or a nondelinquent state, often within a year or two.
A. True B. False11. Central findings regarding the types and extent of delinquent behaviors and the developmental sequences over time indicate each of the following EXCEPT:
A. The vast majority of girls reported involvement in some kind of delinquency during late childhood or adolescence, and a sizable proportion of girls were involved in delinquent offenses before middle school B. With the exception of alcohol and drug offenses, girls who were involved in some delinquent activity, most girls who were involved in delinquency did not offend frequently C. Large groups of girls were involved in more versatile offending patterns consisting of a range of delinquent behaviors, sometimes including serious offenses D. With the exception of girls in the earliest grades/ages, many girls involved in other delinquent behaviors also used alcohol and/or drugs12. Given that girls typically have short serious offending careers, with even the most serious female juvenile offenders tending to desist within three or four years, providers should be careful when employing interventions that have not been demonstrated as successful.
A. True B. FalseCopyright © 2024 Mindful Continuing Education
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