1. The problem of prescription drug abuse and overdose is complex and multi-faceted, and according to the authors, may be driven by each of the following factors EXCEPT:
A. Provider clinical practices and insufficient oversight to curb inappropriate prescribing B. Insurance and pharmacy benefit policies C. A more aggressive treatment of pain in response to patient advocacy groups D. A belief by many people that prescription drugs are not dangerous, which is associated with increased use2. Prescription drugs, especially opioid analgesics, have been increasingly involved in overdose deaths over the last decade, and additional adverse health consequences that may result from misuse and abuse include transitions to injection drug use with resulting risk for infections, falls and fractures in older adults, and neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome.
A. True B. False3. An effective response to prescription drug abuse requires a multi-pronged, targeted, and _________ approach that can only be achieved through a coordinated effort among public health, clinical medicine, public safety, and other stakeholders.
A. Sustained B. Collective C. Formulated D. Adaptable4. While opioids, alone or in combination with other drugs or alcohol, were involved in 30% of drug overdose deaths where a drug was specified in 1999, this number increased to nearly 60% in 2010.
A. True B. False5. The rate of chronic nonmedical use of opioids among men is nearly twice that of women, but more women die of prescription drug overdoses than men, and women account for a greater percentage of opioid-related substance abuse treatment admissions than men.
A. True B. False6. Fifty to eighty percent of people dying from prescription opioid overdoses have a history of chronic pain, and having a history of mental health and substance abuse problems is also common among people dying from prescription drug overdoses.
A. True B. False7. Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement about factors that are driving the increase in opioid analgesic prescribing?
A. Not only has the number of opioid prescriptions increased, but the amount prescribed per prescription, the amount of days supplied, and the cumulative dose prescribed to individuals has also escalated B. Multiple studies have shown that a large percentage of prescribers are responsible for overprescribing opioids, so it is very difficult to monitor and manage the problem C. Lack of education and awareness about appropriate opioid prescribing is likely a factor, as the majority of opioid analgesics in the U.S. are prescribed by primary care physicians and internists and most were not trained in pain management or addiction D. Although almost all prescription drugs involved in abuse come from prescriptions originally, once they are prescribed and dispensed, prescription drugs are frequently diverted to people using them without prescriptions8. Surveillance is the ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of data that is used to:
A. Measure the burden of prescription drug abuse, identify populations at risk for abuse and overdose, and identify new or emerging prescription drug abuse issues B. Guide the planning, implementation, and evaluation of programs to prevent prescription drug abuse and identify areas in clinical practice that need to be changed and the effects of these changes C. Prioritize the allocation of resources, provide a basis for epidemiologic research, and inform policy/regulatory decision making D. All of the above9. Research has consistently shown that the most effective drug abuse prevention programs are those that help enhance protective factors and relationships while reversing or reducing risk factors.
A. True B. False10. Experts propose evaluating the effectiveness of drug abuse prevention programs to reduce prescription drug abuse in order to inform the implementation of evidence-based programs.
A. True B. False11. Studies show that teens and young adults perceive prescription drug abuse as safer, less addictive, and less risky than using illicit drugs, and that drugs obtained from a medicine cabinet or pharmacy are believed to be less risky than drugs obtained from a drug dealer, and that such perceptions result in subsequent abuse.
A. True B. False12. Numerous research findings have indicated that interventions to educate providers about prescription drug abuse result in reductions in inappropriate prescribing and that general physician knowledge and practice behaviors significantly improve after the instruction.
A. True B. False13. Each of the following is an accurate statement about Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs) EXCEPT:
A. These programs are designed to monitor prescribing and dispensing of controlled substances and can provide a prescriber or pharmacist with critical information regarding a patient’s prescription history B. This information can have a direct impact on reducing a patient’s risk for overdose and provide an opportunity to intervene with patients who are abusing medications C. PDMPs are significantly underutilized by providers, primarily because many providers are unaware of their availability and those that aware report that the program is too expensive to utilize D. Research suggests PDMPs reduce the prescribing of Schedule II opioid analgesics, lower substance abuse treatment admission rates, and result in lower annual increases in opioid misuse or abuse in states with PDMPs compared to those without them14. 14Key Clinical Practice Tools HHS is engaged in a number of initiatives aimed at equipping providers with tools to improve clinical practice and reduce prescription drug abuse, with a focus on systematic practice changes and ________________ to facilitate provider behavior change.
A. Organizational incentives B. Technological advancements C. Education and training D. None of the above15. The majority of state Medicaid programs have implemented programs that require patients with patterns of inappropriate use of medical and pharmacy services to receive controlled substance prescriptions from one provider and one pharmacy, which are known as Patient Identification and Regulation Services (PIRS).
A. True B. False16. In addition to being cost effective, investing in drug abuse treatment provides savings to the individual and to society that come from improvements in workplace productivity, reductions in drug-related accidents, and:
A. Improved overall physical and emotional health B. Enhanced quality of life and overall stability C. Positive social outcomes D. Significant drops in interpersonal conflicts17. HHS recommendations to enhance drug abuse treatment include working with researchers and drug manufacturers to develop additional medical treatments for opioid addiction and other prescription drugs new medical treatments for addiction to other abused prescription drugs and supporting the development and testing of behavioral interventions for screening and treating prescription drug abuse.
A. True B. False18. Buprenorphine is an opioid antagonist that can reverse respiratory depression associated with opioid overdose, which is a potential risk for patients who are prescribed these medications for pain-related conditions and for those who misuse or abuse them.
A. True B. False19. In order to reduce the number of people dying from prescription drug overdoses, HHS is providing funding and technical assistance to increase awareness of overdose prevention and to expand the number of people able to respond to an overdose, including certain first responders not traditionally trained in overdose prevention and response.
A. True B. False20. In order to combat the serious public health issue of prescription drug abuse in the United States, experts call for continued efforts to integrate drug abuse treatment and primary care, expanded efforts to increase access to medication-assisted treatment, and the expansion of:
A. Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment services B. Strengths-based intervention strategies C. Contingency management and behavioral interventions D. Brief psychodynamic and family approachesCopyright © 2024 Mindful Continuing Education
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